Photograph by V.C. Childress

The beginning stage of folding a betel leaf to form a quid. Lime paste is spread on to a leaf; slices of areca nut are placed on top; and other ingredients may be added, depending on preference and availability. Some of the most common are: cardamom, clove, camphor, coriander, cinnamon, musk, nutmeg, copra, black pepper, dry ginger, turmeric, and tobacco.